Science And Technology 100 MCQs for UPSC 2027 with Answers | Important Practice

Introduction

Science and Technology is an important part of UPSC Prelims because questions can connect basic scientific concepts with developments in space, biotechnology, artificial intelligence, health, defence and emerging technologies. A good preparation strategy therefore requires both conceptual understanding and awareness of how new technologies are being applied in India and around the world.

This practice set ” Science & Technology 100 MCQs for UPSC 2027″ brings together 100 questions across major areas of Science and Technology, including space science, biotechnology, AI, physics, climate science, defence technology, health, materials science and robotics. It is intended as a revision tool to help aspirants test their understanding and identify topics that need further study.

This post contains 100 MCQs divided into 10 sections, with answers provided at the end of each section for easy revision.

Section 1: Space Technology & Astronomy: Science And Technology 100 MCQs for UPSC 2027

1. Which organization is responsible for India’s Gaganyaan Mission?
   A) DRDO
   B) ISRO
   C) HAL
   D) BARC
2. Chandrayaan-3 successfully landed near which lunar region?
   A) Equator
   B) North Pole
   C) South Pole
   D) Far Side
3. The Aditya-L1 mission is related to:
   A) Mars exploration
   B) Solar observation
   C) Asteroid mining
   D) Space tourism
4. What is the primary function of PSLV?
   A) Manned missions
   B) Satellite launching
   C) Missile interception
   D) Deep-sea exploration
5. The “event horizon” is associated with:
   A) Neutron stars
   B) Black holes
   C) Comets
   D) Supernova remnants
6. Which gas is primarily present in the Sun?
   A) Oxygen
   B) Nitrogen
   C) Hydrogen
   D) Helium
7. NAVIC is India’s:
   A) Missile system
   B) Navigation system
   C) Radar network
   D) Space telescope
8. Which planet has the largest number of known moons?
   A) Jupiter
   B) Saturn
   C) Uranus
   D) Neptune
9. Geostationary satellites revolve:
   A) Around the Moon
   B) At poles only
   C) With Earth’s rotational speed
   D) In elliptical orbits only
10. Which telescope succeeded the Hubble Space Telescope?
    A) Spitzer Telescope
    B) James Webb Space Telescope
    C) Kepler Telescope
    D) Chandra Telescope

Answers – Section 1

1-B
2-C
3-B
4-B
5-B
6-C
7-B
8-B
9-C
10-B

Section 2: Biotechnology & Genetics: Science And Technology 100 MCQs for UPSC 2027

11. DNA stands for:
    A) Deoxyribonucleic Acid
    B) Dynamic Nuclear Acid
    C) Double Nucleic Atom
    D) Digital Nucleic Acid
12. CRISPR technology is mainly used for:
    A) Space communication
    B) Gene editing
    C) Quantum computing
    D) Water purification
13. Which scientist is known as the Father of Genetics?
    A) Darwin
    B) Mendel
    C) Watson
    D) Pasteur
14. mRNA vaccines gained prominence during:
    A) SARS outbreak
    B) COVID-19 pandemic
    C) Ebola outbreak
    D) Zika virus crisis
15. Genetically Modified crops are mainly developed for:
    A) Higher resistance
    B) Lower nutrition
    C) Reduced yield
    D) Less photosynthesis
16. Bt Cotton contains genes from:
    A) Virus
    B) Fungus
    C) Bacteria
    D) Algae
17. Human Genome Project is related to:
    A) Mapping human genes
    B) Space missions
    C) Ocean exploration
    D) Robotics
18. Cloning means:
    A) Genetic mutation
    B) Artificial selection
    C) Producing identical copies
    D) Vaccine production
19. Which molecule carries genetic information?
    A) Protein
    B) RNA only
    C) DNA
    D) Lipid
20. Stem cells are important because they:
    A) Produce electricity
    B) Can develop into different cell types
    C) Reduce gravity
    D) Absorb radiation

Answers – Section 2

11-A
12-B
13-B
14-B
15-A
16-C
17-A
18-C
19-C
20-B

For additional revision of recent space-related developments, you can also explore our 100 Important Space Technology Current Affairs 2026 MCQs for UPSC, PCS & SSC Exams.

Section 3: Artificial Intelligence & Computing: Science And Technology 100 MCQs for UPSC 2027

21. AI stands for:
    A) Automated Internet
    B) Artificial Intelligence
    C) Artificial Integration
    D) Automated Intelligence
22. Machine learning is a subset of:
    A) Robotics
    B) Biotechnology
    C) Artificial Intelligence
    D) Nanotechnology
23. Quantum computers use:
    A) Bits
    B) Bytes
    C) Qubits
    D) Pixels
24. Which company developed ChatGPT?
    A) Google
    B) Microsoft
    C) OpenAI
    D) IBM
25. Blockchain technology is best known for:
    A) Agriculture
    B) Cryptocurrencies
    C) Satellite launch
    D) Vaccination
26. The main advantage of quantum computing is:
    A) Lower electricity usage only
    B) Faster complex calculations
    C) Reduced internet access
    D) Bigger monitors
27. Cybersecurity mainly protects:
    A) Forests
    B) Computer systems and data
    C) Satellites only
    D) Vehicles
28. Deepfake technology uses:
    A) Satellite systems
    B) AI-generated synthetic media
    C) Solar energy
    D) Gene editing
29. Cloud computing refers to:
    A) Weather forecasting
    B) Online data storage and services
    C) Air purification
    D) Astronomy
30. Which language is widely used in AI development?
    A) COBOL
    B) Python
    C) FORTRAN
    D) BASIC

Answers – Section 3

21-B
22-C
23-C
24-C
25-B
26-B
27-B
28-B
29-B
30-B

For a deeper understanding of India’s supercomputing initiatives, you can also explore our article on the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM).

Section 4: Physics & Modern Technology: Science And Technology 100 MCQs for UPSC 2027

31. LASER stands for:
    A) Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
    B) Light Atomic Signal Emission Radiation
    C) Linear Amplification System
    D) Long Atomic Signal Radiation
32. Which particle carries a negative charge?
    A) Proton
    B) Neutron
    C) Electron
    D) Photon
33. Nuclear fusion powers:
    A) Earth’s core
    B) Sun
    C) Batteries
    D) Windmills
34. Semiconductor materials are essential in:
    A) Microchips
    B) Agriculture
    C) Vaccines
    D) Water treatment
35. Superconductors have:
    A) High resistance
    B) Zero electrical resistance
    C) Infinite mass
    D) Magnetic neutrality
36. Which device converts sunlight directly into electricity?
    A) Turbine
    B) Solar cell
    C) Generator
    D) Dynamo
37. MRI technology mainly uses:
    A) Gamma rays
    B) Magnetic fields
    C) Sound waves
    D) Infrared rays
38. Nanotechnology deals with:
    A) Large satellites
    B) Atomic and molecular scale materials
    C) Ocean mining
    D) Volcanoes
39. Radar technology primarily uses:
    A) Radio waves
    B) Sound waves
    C) X-rays
    D) Ultraviolet rays
40. The SI unit of power is:
    A) Joule
    B) Watt
    C) Newton
    D) Pascal

Answers – Section 4

31-A
32-C
33-B
34-A
35-B
36-B
37-B
38-B
39-A
40-B

Section 5: Environment & Climate Science: Science And Technology 100 MCQs for UPSC 2027

41. Global warming is mainly caused by:
    A) Nitrogen
    B) Greenhouse gases
    C) Oxygen
    D) Helium
42. Which gas contributes most to global warming?
    A) Hydrogen
    B) Carbon dioxide
    C) Neon
    D) Argon
43. Ozone layer protects Earth from:
    A) Infrared rays
    B) Ultraviolet radiation
    C) Radio waves
    D) Sound waves
44. COP meetings are associated with:
    A) Trade
    B) Climate change
    C) Defence
    D) Sports
45. Renewable energy includes:
    A) Coal
    B) Petroleum
    C) Solar energy
    D) Natural gas
46. Acid rain is mainly caused by:
    A) Methane
    B) Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
    C) Oxygen
    D) Hydrogen
47. Carbon neutrality means:
    A) No carbon use
    B) Balancing carbon emissions
    C) Eliminating oxygen
    D) Increasing fossil fuel use
48. Which technology converts waste into usable energy?
    A) Hydroponics
    B) Waste-to-energy
    C) Cryogenics
    D) Lithography
49. Biofuels are produced from:
    A) Radioactive waste
    B) Organic matter
    C) Metals
    D) Sand
50. IPCC is related to:
    A) Space science
    B) Climate science
    C) Agriculture
    D) Defence technology

For additional practice on Science and Technology topic, you can also explore our Science and Technology PYQs for UPSC Prelims 2027

Answers – Section 5

41-B
42-B
43-B
44-B
45-C
46-B
47-B
48-B
49-B
50-B

Section 6: Defence & Security Technology: Science And Technology 100 MCQs for UPSC 2027

51. DRDO stands for:
    A) Defence Research and Development Organisation
    B) Dynamic Research Department Office
    C) Defence Radar Development Office
    D) Digital Research Division Organization
52. Agni missiles belong to:
    A) Naval defence
    B) Surface-to-surface ballistic missile system
    C) Air defence radar
    D) Satellite communication
53. BrahMos missile is jointly developed by India and:
    A) USA
    B) France
    C) Russia
    D) Israel
54. Stealth technology is used to:
    A) Increase sound
    B) Avoid detection
    C) Improve agriculture
    D) Purify water
55. UAV stands for:
    A) Universal Air Vehicle
    B) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
    C) United Aviation Vessel
    D) Ultra Air Vehicle
56. Cyber warfare targets:
    A) Forests
    B) Digital infrastructure
    C) Rivers
    D) Volcanoes
57. Hypersonic missiles travel faster than:
    A) Mach 1
    B) Mach 3
    C) Mach 5
    D) Mach 2
58. INS Arihant is:
    A) Aircraft carrier
    B) Nuclear submarine
    C) Destroyer
    D) Satellite
59. Radar systems help in:
    A) Food storage
    B) Detecting objects
    C) Gene editing
    D) Ocean farming
60. Anti-satellite weapons are designed to:
    A) Repair satellites
    B) Destroy satellites
    C) Launch rockets
    D) Build space stations

Answers – Section 6

51-A
52-B
53-C
54-B
55-B
56-B
57-C
58-B
59-B
60-B

Section 7: Health Science & Medicine: Science And Technology 100 MCQs for UPSC 2027

61. WHO stands for:
    A) World Health Organization
    B) World Human Office
    C) Wellness Health Organization
    D) World Hygiene Office
62. Vaccines help the body by:
    A) Weakening immunity
    B) Developing immunity
    C) Increasing infections
    D) Reducing oxygen
63. Antibiotics are effective mainly against:
    A) Viruses
    B) Bacteria
    C) Fungi only
    D) Radiation
64. Insulin is associated with:
    A) Blood pressure
    B) Diabetes management
    C) Lung disease
    D) Kidney stones
65. The COVID-19 virus primarily affects:
    A) Liver
    B) Lungs
    C) Bones
    D) Eyes
66. Organ transplantation requires:
    A) Weather forecasting
    B) Tissue compatibility
    C) Nuclear reaction
    D) Satellite mapping
67. Ayurveda originated in:
    A) China
    B) India
    C) Greece
    D) Egypt
68. HIV attacks:
    A) Digestive system
    B) Immune system
    C) Bones
    D) Skin
69. Telemedicine enables:
    A) Space communication
    B) Remote healthcare services
    C) Water purification
    D) Food preservation
70. MRI scans are safer than X-rays because they:
    A) Use no radiation
    B) Use ultraviolet rays
    C) Use nuclear fuel
    D) Use lasers

Answers – Section 7

61-A
62-B
63-B
64-B
65-B
66-B
67-B
68-B
69-B
70-A

Section 8: Chemistry & Material Science: Science And Technology 100 MCQs for UPSC 2027

71. pH value less than 7 indicates:
    A) Neutral solution
    B) Acidic solution
    C) Basic solution
    D) Salty solution
72. Stainless steel is an alloy of:
    A) Iron and carbon
    B) Iron, chromium, and nickel
    C) Copper and zinc
    D) Aluminium and magnesium
73. Graphene is known for:
    A) Poor conductivity
    B) Exceptional strength and conductivity
    C) Radioactivity
    D) High brittleness
74. The hardest natural substance is:
    A) Quartz
    B) Iron
    C) Diamond
    D) Platinum
75. LPG mainly contains:
    A) Methane
    B) Butane and propane
    C) Hydrogen
    D) Carbon monoxide
76. Heavy water contains:
    A) Heavy oxygen
    B) Deuterium
    C) Helium
    D) Tritium only
77. Catalysts:
    A) Slow down reactions permanently
    B) Increase reaction rate
    C) Stop chemical reactions
    D) Reduce mass
78. Polymers are:
    A) Metals
    B) Large molecules made of repeating units
    C) Radioactive elements
    D) Gases
79. Which element is used in batteries for electric vehicles?
    A) Lithium
    B) Sodium
    C) Calcium
    D) Helium
80. Corrosion of iron is commonly called:
    A) Oxidation
    B) Rusting
    C) Reduction
    D) Distillation

Answers – Section 8

71-B
72-B
73-B
74-C
75-B
76-B
77-B
78-B
79-A
80-B

Section 9: Robotics & Emerging Technologies: Science And Technology 100 MCQs for UPSC 2027

81. Robotics combines:
    A) Biology only
    B) Engineering and computer science
    C) Agriculture only
    D) Geology and astronomy
82. Internet of Things (IoT) refers to:
    A) Offline devices
    B) Connected smart devices
    C) Space stations
    D) Farming tools only
83. 3D printing is also called:
    A) Lithography
    B) Additive manufacturing
    C) Deep mining
    D) Thermal imaging
84. Autonomous vehicles use:
    A) AI and sensors
    B) Coal engines
    C) Wind turbines
    D) Steam power
85. Augmented Reality combines:
    A) Real world with digital elements
    B) Only virtual worlds
    C) Sound waves only
    D) Chemical reactions
86. Virtual Reality creates:
    A) Physical roads
    B) Immersive digital environments
    C) Vaccines
    D) Water reservoirs
87. Biometric authentication includes:
    A) Passwords only
    B) Fingerprint and facial recognition
    C) PIN numbers only
    D) Satellite tracking
88. Edge computing processes data:
    A) Only in clouds
    B) Near the data source
    C) In oceans
    D) In satellites only
89. Smart cities rely heavily on:
    A) Ancient tools
    B) Digital infrastructure and sensors
    C) Animal transport
    D) Manual accounting
90. Drones are commonly used in:
    A) Agriculture and surveillance
    B) Volcano creation
    C) Metal extraction only
    D) Ocean currents only

Answers – Section 9

81-B
82-B
83-B
84-A
85-A
86-B
87-B
88-B
89-B
90-A

Section 10: Mixed Current Science & Tech Affairs: Science And Technology 100 MCQs for UPSC 2027

91. Green Hydrogen is produced using:
    A) Coal
    B) Renewable energy
    C) Diesel
    D) Petrol
92. Semiconductor chips are critical for:
    A) Modern electronics
    B) Soil erosion
    C) Fishing only
    D) Forestry
93. India’s semiconductor mission aims to:
    A) Promote chip manufacturing
    B) Ban electronics
    C) Stop internet use
    D) Reduce satellites
94. Quantum communication is considered secure because of:
    A) Wooden cables
    B) Quantum principles
    C) Oil pipelines
    D) Steam engines
95. Li-Fi technology uses:
    A) Radio waves
    B) Light for data transmission
    C) Magnetic stones
    D) Water pressure
96. The term “carbon capture” refers to:
    A) Capturing sunlight
    B) Trapping carbon dioxide emissions
    C) Mining coal
    D) Water purification
97. Blue Economy is related to:
    A) Desert development
    B) Sustainable ocean resources
    C) Mountain tourism
    D) Nuclear plants
98. Digital India initiative promotes:
    A) Traditional farming only
    B) Digital infrastructure and governance
    C) Oil drilling
    D) Space tourism
99. Semiconductor fabrication plants are commonly called:
    A) Foundries
    B) Warehouses
    C) Docks
    D) Refineries
100. India’s 5G rollout mainly improves:
     A) Postal services
     B) Faster mobile communication
     C) Coal production
     D) River transport

Answers – Section 10

91-B
92-A
93-A
94-B
95-B
96-B
97-B
98-B
99-A
100-B

Most Important Resources for UPSC Prelims 2027

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Conclusion: Science And Technology 100 MCQs for UPSC 2027

Science and Technology preparation becomes more effective when basic concepts are studied alongside their real-world applications. The topics covered in this practice set “Science AndTechnology 100 MCQs for UPSC 2027″ from space and biotechnology to artificial intelligence, defence, health and emerging technologies—provide a broad revision framework for UPSC Prelims.

Use these questions to test your understanding and identify areas that need further revision. For topics involving recent developments, government programmes or scientific advances, refer to reliable official sources and connect the information with the relevant concepts in the UPSC syllabus.